On the distribution of an effective channel estimator for multi-cell massive MIMO

Accurate channel estimation is of utmost importance for massive MIMO systems to provide significant improvements in spectral and energy efficiency. In this work, we present a study on the distribution of a simple but yet effective and practical channel estimator for multi-cell massive MIMO systems suffering from pilot-contamination. The proposed channel estimator performs well under moderate to aggressive pilot contamination scenarios without previous knowledge of the inter-cell large-scale channel coefficients and noise power, asymptotically approximating the performance of the linear MMSE estimator as the number of antennas increases. We prove that the distribution of the proposed channel estimator can be accurately approximated by the circularly-symmetric complex normal distribution, when the number of antennas, M, deployed at the base station is greater than 10

Bit error rate closed-form expressions for lora systems under nakagami and rice fading channels

We derive exact closed-form expressions for Long Range (LoRa) bit error probability and diversity order for channels subject to Nakagami-m, Rayleigh and Rician fading. Analytical expressions are compared with numerical results, showing the accuracy of our proposed exact expressions. In the limiting case of the Nakagami and Rice parameters, our bit error probability expressions specialize into the non-fading case1920CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ313239/2017-7; 304946/2016-

Color stability of Bulk-Fill composite restorations

The color stability of the composite resin is an important property that influences its clinical longevity, which remains an inherent challenge to the material. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill resins when exposed to dye. Cavities were prepared in 80 bovine incisors, which were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 20) according with the resin composite used: P60 (Control Group - Filtek P60, 3M/ESPE), FP (Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, 3M/ESPE), SDR (SDR, Dentsply) and FF (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow, 3M/ESPE). All restorations were performed according to the protocol of each manufacturer, the control group was restored using the incremental technique, and the other groups using single-increment technique. The color of each restoration was measured using a portable digital spectrophotometer (Easyshade-Vita) according to the CIELab system, and then the teeth were submerged in red wine for 07 days, kept in a biological oven at 37ºC. New color registration was performed to measure the ?E index of color variation. The P60 group had the lowest average ?E (16.96), while the FF group had the highest average (28.09) and ranged from 21.19 to 26.28 in the FP and SDR groups. Analysis of the color variation showed that the control group had better color stability than the Bulk-Fill resins evaluated

Influence of different thermopolymerization methods on composite resin microhardness

Background: Additional heat polymerization in composite resins allows greater effective ness of microhardness, flexural strength, fracture tough ness, wear resistance, and increased color stability.Material and Methods: 150 composite resin specimens were made using a 4 mm diameter and 2 mm thick bipartite steel matrix. Five resins composed of different compositions were tested (Brilliant Everglow/Coltene, Filtek One BulkFill/3M, Filtek P60/3M, Filtek Z350XT/3M, Filtek Z250XT/3M), and for each of them three types of polyme-rization were tested: light curing only (n=50); photopolymerization + autoclave thermopolymerization (n=50) and photopolymerization + microwave thermopolymerization (n=50). Each specimen was submitted to three indenta-tions by means of the Vickers microhardness test, applying a load of 300gf, associated with the time of 15s. Data were analyzed descriptively by means of statistics, standard deviation and coefficient of variation and inferentially by the F test (ANOVA) in the comparison between groups. The margin of error used in statistical test decisions was 5%.Results: The highest vicker microhardness averages were from the Control group (light curing only) on P60 (82.16) and Z250 XT (79.61) resins. The lowest averages were all verified on Brilliant Everglow resin in all polymerization methods studied: Photopolymerization (37.32), with microwave (43.80) and autoclave (45.12), followed by Bulk Fill 3M resin, ranged from 52.23 to 59.15.Conclusions: Both autoclave and microwave thermopolymerization methods showed similar behavior on the mi-crohardness of the composites studied. Considering the resin type, there was a varied behavior compared to thermo-polymerization, which increased the microhardness values for Brilliant Everglow resins (Coltene) and Filtek One Bulkfill (3M) and decreased for Filtek P60, Filtek Z350XT and Filtek Z250XT resins

Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae From Transplanted Patients in Brazil: Phylogeny, Resistome, Virulome and Mobile Genetic Elements Harboring blaKPC-2 or blaNDM-1.

Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp) is a major cause of infections in transplanted patients and has been associated with high mortality rates in this group. There is a lack of information about the Brazilian structure population of CP-Kp isolated from transplanted patients. By whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we analyzed phylogeny, resistome, virulome of CP-Kp isolates, and the structure of plasmids encoding blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1 genes. One K. pneumoniae isolated from each selected transplanted patient colonized or infected by CP-Kp over a 16-month period in a hospital complex in Porto Alegre (Brazil) was submitted for WGS. The total number of strains sequenced was 80. The hospital complex in Porto Alegre comprised seven different hospitals. High-resolution SNP typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), resistance and virulence genes inference, and plasmid reconstruction were performed in 80 CP-Kp. The mortality rate of CP-Kp colonized or infected transplanted inpatients was 21.3% (17/80). Four CP-Kp epidemic clones were described: ST11/KPC-2, ST16/KPC-2, and ST15/NDM-1, all responsible for interhospital outbreaks; and ST437/KPC-2 affecting a single hospital. The average number of acquired resistance and virulence genes was 9 (range = 2-14) and 27 (range = 6-36), respectively. Two plasmids carrying the blaKPC-2 were constructed and belonged to IncN and IncM types. Additionally, an IncFIB plasmid carrying the blaNDM-1 was described. We detected intrahospital and interhospital spread of mobile structures and international K. pneumoniae clones as ST11, ST16, and ST15 among transplanted patients, which carry a significant range of acquired resistance and virulence genes and keep spreading across the world.This work was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, and Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16CIII/0004/0002), and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund ERDF “A way to achieve Europe,” Operative Program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020. This work was also supported in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.S

Capacidade da dissolução tecidual do hipoclorito de sódio em diferentes concentrações Capacity of sodium hypochlorite tissue dissolution in different concentrations

Introdução: O hipoclorito de sódio é uma das principais substâncias químicas auxiliares utilizadas no tratamento endodôntico pelo seu potencial antimicrobiano de amplo espectro e sua capacidade de dissolver matéria orgânica. Contudo essa capacidade pode sofrer variações de acordo com as concentrações da solução e a temperatura em que ela se encontra. Objetivo: Realizar um estudo comparativo e descritivo acerca da capacidade de dissolução tecidual do hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) em diferentes concentrações e temperaturas em amostras de tecido muscular bovino. Material e métodos: Amostras de tecido muscular bovino, com peso e forma determinados, foram imersas em 3 ml de hipoclorito de sódio, divididas em grupos experimentais de acordo com a temperatura ambiente – 25°C ou sob aquecimento de 40ºC – e subdivididas em grupos de acordo com a concentração da solução: 0,5%, 1% e 2,5% e 5%. As amostras foram avaliadas visualmente e a cada minuto, durante 5 minutos, devidamente pesadas em uma balança de precisão. Em seguida, observou-se até sua total dissolução. Resultados: Houve diferenças significantes entre a capacidade de dissolução tecidual do hipoclorito de sódio entre as diferentes concentrações testadas e a efetividade em relação ao aquecimento das soluções. Conclusão: Com o aumento das concentrações testadas verificou-se maior capacidade de dissolução das amostras de tecido muscular bovino. O aumento da temperatura das soluções mostrou maior efetividade na dissolução das amostras de tecido nas concentrações de 2,5% e 5%.Introdução: O hipoclorito de sódio é uma das principais substâncias químicas auxiliares utilizadas no tratamento endodôntico pelo seu potencial antimicrobiano de amplo espectro e sua capacidade de dissolver matéria orgânica. Contudo essa capacidade pode sofrer variações de acordo com as concentrações da solução e a temperatura em que ela se encontra. Objetivo: Realizar um estudo comparativo e descritivo acerca da capacidade de dissolução tecidual do hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) em diferentes concentrações e temperaturas em amostras de tecido muscular bovino. Material e métodos: Amostras de tecido muscular bovino, com peso e forma determinados, foram imersas em 3 ml de hipoclorito de sódio, divididas em grupos experimentais de acordo com a temperatura ambiente – 25°C ou sob aquecimento de 40ºC – e subdivididas em grupos de acordo com a concentração da solução: 0,5%, 1% e 2,5% e 5%. As amostras foram avaliadas visualmente e a cada minuto, durante 5 minutos, devidamente pesadas em uma balança de precisão. Em seguida, observou-se até sua total dissolução. Resultados: Houve diferenças significantes entre a capacidade de dissolução tecidual do hipoclorito de sódio entre as diferentes concentrações testadas e a efetividade em relação ao aquecimento das soluções. Conclusão: Com o aumento das concentrações testadas verificou-se maior capacidade de dissolução das amostras de tecido muscular bovino. O aumento da temperatura das soluções mostrou maior efetividade na dissolução das amostras de tecido nas concentrações de 2,5% e 5%

Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with maternal protein malnutrition

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with a spectrum of developmental impairments known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The prevalence of this syndrome varies across ZIKV endemic regions, suggesting that its occurrence could depend on cofactors. Here, we evaluate the relevance of protein malnutrition for the emergence of CZS. Epidemiological data from the ZIKV outbreak in the Americas suggest a relationship between undernutrition and cases of microcephaly. To experimentally examine this relationship, we use immunocompetent pregnant mice, which were subjected to protein malnutrition and infected with a Brazilian ZIKV strain. We found that the combination of protein restriction and ZIKV infection leads to severe alterations of placental structure and embryonic body growth, with offspring displaying a reduction in neurogenesis and postnatal brain size. RNA-seq analysis reveals gene expression deregulation required for brain development in infected low-protein progeny. These results suggest that maternal protein malnutrition increases susceptibility to CZS.Fil: Barbeito Andrés, Jimena. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; ArgentinaFil: Pezzuto, Paula. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Higa, Luiza. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Dias, André Alves. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Vasconcelos, Janaina. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Santos, T. M. P.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Ferreira, Jéssica. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Ferreira, R. O.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Dutra, F. F.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Rossi, A. D.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Barbosa, R. V.. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural E Bioimagem.; BrasilFil: Amorim, C. K. N.. Evandro Chagas Institute; BrasilFil: de Souza, M. P. C.. Evandro Chagas Institute; BrasilFil: Chimelli, L.. Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer ; BrasilFil: Aguiar, R. S.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Gonzalez, Paula Natalia. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Unidad Ejecutora de Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos; ArgentinaFil: Lara, F. A.. Oswaldo Cruz Institute; BrasilFil: Castro, M.C.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Molnár, Z.. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Lopes, R. T.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Bozza, M. T.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Vianez, J. L. S. G.. Evandro Chagas Institute; BrasilFil: Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cuervo, P.. Oswaldo Cruz Institute; BrasilFil: Bellio, M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Tanuri, A.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Garcez, P. P.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Tomografia computadorizada como instrumento para diagnóstico precoce de ameloblastoma na infância: relato de caso: Computerized tomography as a tool for early diagnosis of ameloblastoma in childhood: case report

Introdução: A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) auxilia a investigação de processos patológicos na Odontopediatria, sendo fundamental na estratégia do tratamento cirúrgico. Objetivo: Relatar o caso clínico de uma criança com ameloblastoma abordando o uso da TCFC no diagnóstico e plano de tratamento. Relato de caso: Trata-se do relato do caso clínico de uma paciente de 11 anos de idade diagnosticada com ameloblastoma. A criança foi encaminhada para a equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial das Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, com dor e edema no lado esquerdo da face. Ao exame intraoral, observou-se dentição mista com higiene bucal satisfatória, bem como oclusão dentária classe I. A radiografia panorâmica evidenciou a presença de imagem radiolúcida com margens bem definidas, unilocular, associada a coroa do dente 37, com deslocamento dessa unidade em direção ao 36. Além disso, foi possível perceber o deslocamento da unidade 38 para a incisura mandibular. Na análise da TCFC, observou-se a expansão das corticais ósseas com afilamento e perfuração, evidenciando o caráter agressivo da lesão de extensão 30,0 x 26,0 x 57,85 mm. O diagnóstico de ameloblastoma do tipo plexiforme foi elucidado pelo exame anatomopatológico. Conclusão: A partir dessa análise proporcionada pela tomografia, foi possível constatar o caráter agressivo da lesão e o comprometimento dos tecidos ósseos circundantes e dentes adjacentes, orientando com precisão o plano de tratamento cirúrgico. O diagnóstico precoce e o conhecimento sobre a extensão das lesões são importantes para que haja um tratamento adequado e melhor prognóstico

Superradiance in the BTZ black hole with Robin boundary conditions

We show the existence of superradiant modes of massive scalar fields propagating in BTZ black holes when certain Robin boundary conditions, which never include the commonly considered Dirichlet boundary conditions, are imposed at spatial infinity. These superradiant modes are defined as those solutions whose energy flux across the horizon is towards the exterior region. Differently from rotating, asymptotically flat black holes, we obtain that notall modes which grow up exponentially in time are superradiant; for some of these, the growth is sourced by a bulk instability of AdS(3), triggered by the scalar field with Robin boundary conditions, rather than by energy extraction from the BTZ black hole. Thus, this setup provides an example wherein Bosonic modes with low frequency are pumping energy into, rather than extracting energy from, a rotating black hole. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.publishe

Evaluation of movements of lower limbs in non-professional ballet dancers: hip abduction and flexion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The literature indicated that the majority of professional ballet dancers present static and active dynamic range of motion difference between left and right lower limbs, however, no previous study focused this difference in non-professional ballet dancers. In this study we aimed to evaluate active movements of the hip in non-professional classical dancers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated 10 non professional ballet dancers (16-23 years old). We measured the active range of motion and flexibility through Well Banks. We compared active range of motion between left and right sides (hip flexion and abduction) and performed correlation between active movements and flexibility.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was a small difference between the right and left sides of the hip in relation to the movements of flexion and abduction, which suggest the dominant side of the subjects, however, there was no statistical significance. Bank of Wells test revealed statistical difference only between the 1^stand the 3^rdmeasurement. There was no correlation between the movements of the hip (abduction and flexion, right and left sides) with the three test measurements of the bank of Wells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is no imbalance between the sides of the hip with respect to active abduction and flexion movements in non-professional ballet dancers.</p